Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 6 Articles
Biological oxygen demand (BOD3) is among the most important diagnostic parameters for the determination of water quality in natural water ways and waste streams. Present paper gives a report on water quality of different natural sources in western region of Maharashtra on Bhimariver by BOD3 testing method. The investigation revealed that all the tested water samples i.e. well water, river water, tap water and mineral water were having very low values of BOD3. Therefore all samples were in category of clean water with very low organic matter and fit for human consumption and other purposes....
Mushrooms have been consumed since earliest history; ancient Greeks believed that mushrooms provided strength for warriors in\nbattle, and the Romans perceived them as the ââ?¬Å?Food of the Gods.ââ?¬Â For centuries, the Chinese culture has treasured mushrooms as\na health food, an ââ?¬Å?elixir of life.ââ?¬ÂThey have been part of the human culture for thousands of years and have considerable interest in\nthe most important civilizations in history because of their sensory characteristics; they have been recognized for their attractive\nculinary attributes. Nowadays, mushrooms are popular valuable foods because they are low in calories, carbohydrates, fat, and\nsodium: also, they are cholesterol-free. Besides,mushrooms provide important nutrients, including selenium, potassium, riboflavin,\nniacin, vitamin D, proteins, and fiber. All together with a long history as food source, mushrooms are important for their healing\ncapacities and properties in traditional medicine. It has reported beneficial effects for health and treatment of some diseases.Many\nnutraceutical properties are described in mushrooms, such as prevention or treatment of Parkinson, Alzheimer, hypertension, and\nhigh risk of stroke.They are also utilized to reduce the likelihood of cancer invasion and metastasis due to antitumoral attributes.\nMushrooms act as antibacterial, immune system enhancer and cholesterol lowering agents; additionally, they are important sources\nof bioactive compounds. As a result of these properties, somemushroomextracts are used to promote human health and are found\nas dietary supplements....
Infectious diarrhea, a common disease of children, deserves permanent monitoring in all social groups. To know the etiology\nand clinical manifestations of acute diarrhea in children up to 5 years of age from high socioeconomic level households, we\nconducted a descriptive, microbiological, and clinical study. Stools from59 children with acute community-acquired diarrhea were\nexamined, and their parents were interviewed concerning symptoms and signs. Rotavirus, adenovirus, and norovirus were detected\nby commercially available qualitative immunochromatographic lateral flow rapid tests. Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and\nShigella were investigated by standard bacteriological methods and diarrheagenic E. coli by PCR assays. We identified a potential\nenteric pathogen in 30 children.Themost frequent causes of diarrheawere enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), viruses, Campylobacter,\nSalmonella, and Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Only 2 patients showed mixed infections. Our data suggest that children\nwith viral or Campylobacter diarrheawere taken to the hospital earlier than those infectedwith EPEC. One child infectedwith STEC\nO26 developed ââ?¬Å?completeââ?¬Â HUS. The microbiological results highlight the importance of zoonotic bacteria such as atypical EPEC,\nCampylobacter, STEC, and Salmonella as pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in these children. The findings also reinforce\nour previous communications about the regional importance of non-O157 STEC strains in severe infant food-borne diseases...
Autism is a complex disease whose etiology remains elusive. We\nintegrated previously and newly generated data and developed a\nsystems framework involving the interactome, gene expression and\ngenome sequencing to identify a protein interaction module with\nmembers strongly enriched for autism candidate genes. Sequencing\nof 25 patients confirmed the involvement of this module in autism,\nwhich was subsequently validated using an independent cohort of\nover 500 patients. Expression of this module was dichotomized with\na ubiquitously expressed subcomponent and another subcomponent\npreferentially expressed in the corpus callosum, which was\nsignificantly affected by our identified mutations in the network\ncenter. RNA-sequencing of the corpus callosum from patients with\nautism exhibited extensive gene mis-expression in this module, and\nour immunochemical analysis showed that the human corpus\ncallosum is predominantly populated by oligodendrocyte cells.\nAnalysis of functional genomic data further revealed a significant\ninvolvement of this module in the development of oligodendrocyte\ncells in mouse brain. Our analysis delineates a natural network\ninvolved in autism, helps uncover novel candidate genes for this\ndisease and improves our understanding of its molecular pathology....
Increased nuisance of multidrug resistant bacteria is a serious health problem these days. Persistent use of broad spectrum antibiotics is ceasing the efficacy of antibiotics. Phage induced bacterial lysis represents the bactericidal effect–phage therapy. Safe and effective use of bacterial viruses is showing good potential against multidrug resistant bacteria. Phage therapy has some disadvantages but it seems to be a good option for this problem. Phage resistance can also be overcome using phage cocktails-polyphage therapy. Phage structure, its ability to destruct the bacterial cell, hollins and endolysins activity, pros and cons of the therapy are the important aspects to be considered during phage treatment. Though phage therapy is better alternate for multidrug resistance, rigorous research work and extensive regulatory control is needed....
Treatment of BRAF mutant melanomas with specific BRAF inhibitors\nleads to tumor remission. However, most patients eventually\nrelapse due to drug resistance. Therefore, we designed an integrated\nstrategy using (phospho)proteomic and functional genomic\nplatforms to identify drug targets whose inhibition sensitizes\nmelanoma cells to BRAF inhibition. We found many proteins to be\ninduced upon PLX4720 (BRAF inhibitor) treatment that are known\nto be involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance, including FOXD3 and\nErbB3. Several proteins were down-regulated, including Rnd3, a\nnegative regulator of ROCK1 kinase. For our genomic approach, we\nperformed two parallel shRNA screens using a kinome library to\nidentify genes whose inhibition sensitizes to BRAF or ERK inhibitor\ntreatment. By integrating our functional genomic and (phospho)\nproteomic data, we identified ROCK1 as a potential drug target for\nBRAF mutant melanoma. ROCK1 silencing increased melanoma cell\nelimination when combined with BRAF or ERK inhibitor treatment.\nTranslating this to a preclinical setting, a ROCK inhibitor showed\naugmented melanoma cell death upon BRAF or ERK inhibition\nin vitro. These data merit exploration of ROCK1 as a target in\ncombination with current BRAF mutant melanoma therapies....
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